十国关系类型 / Ten Kingdoms Relationship Types

Ten Kingdoms relationship types is 王洪杰’s classification in EP252 《太平年》之外的五代十国，什么样？ for how local regimes related to central-plain dynasties. The categories are not based only on whether rulers claimed imperial title; they focus on military control, appointment power, local administration, and diplomatic posture.

The source’s four types are relatively parallel regimes such as 前蜀, 后蜀, and 南唐; investiture-accommodating regimes such as 吴越; participatory small-state maneuvering such as 荆南; and distant/flexible regimes such as 南汉.

Connections

• 五代十国 - period frame.
• 五代南方政权相对稳定 / Southern Regime Stability in the Five Dynasties and 经济文化中心南移 / Economic-Cultural Center Southward Shift - why southern regimes matter structurally.
• Military Personalization / 军队私人化 - actual control matters more than formal legitimacy labels.