Aadhaar

Aadhaar appears in Strait and narrowing: the Iran deal crumbles as India’s national biometric identity system and as a counterexample to the country’s weak government-website pattern. Leo Mirani says Aadhaar worked because technical competence was paired with authority, including high-level political rank for the person leading it.

The source uses Aadhaar to qualify the idea that Indian government technology is simply incapable. The stronger inference is institutional: Public Service Digitalization can work when expertise, mandate, and decision rights align, while ordinary websites can fail when those conditions are missing.

Connections

• India - national context.
• Leo Mirani - source participant explaining the counterexample.
• UPI - paired public-digital-infrastructure counterexample.
• Government Website Usability and Bureaucratic Risk Avoidance - failure mode the source contrasts with Aadhaar.