entity Updated 2026-08-21 Tags: Text, Legalism, Political-Theory, Han-Fei, Warring-States

《孤愤》 / Gu Fen

《孤愤》 / Gu Fen enters the wiki through 《资治通鉴·秦纪》112-2|秦始皇也是他的书迷? as one of 韩非’s major writings after his advice fails inside 韩国. The episode presents the text inside Han Fei’s broader frustration with rulers who cannot employ worthy and practically useful people while elevating shallow courtiers.

The source also gives the text an unusual political afterlife. 嬴政 / 秦始皇 reads 《孤愤》 together with 《五蠹》, admires the writing intensely, and wants to meet the author. In the wiki, 《孤愤》 therefore marks both Han Fei’s failed internal advice channel and the beginning of his dangerous attraction to the Qin court.

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