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entity Updated 2026-08-22 Topics: History

韩国 / Han State

《资治通鉴·周纪》04｜豫让 为智瑶复仇 adds Han’s role in the first partition threshold and formal recognition frame. Han joins Zhao and Wei in dividing 智瑶’s territory after Jinyang, and 韩虔 / 韩景侯 later becomes one of the three Jin leaders recognized by 周威烈王 through 三晋受封.

《资治通鉴·周纪》05｜光彩夺目的魏文侯（1） adds a diplomatic trust scene. Han asks 魏国 to join an attack on 赵国, but 魏文侯 refuses by calling Zhao a brother state; when Han later learns that Wei also refused Zhao’s anti-Han request, Han accepts Wei’s consistency through 对称外交信用.

韩国 / Han State appears in 《资治通鉴·周纪》07丨两起刺杀（1） as one of the early Warring States powers formed from the Jin world. The episode places Han in two linked events in 400 BCE: Han joins 赵国 and 魏国 in attacking 楚国, and then suffers 郑国’s attack on Yangdi after 韩景侯 dies.

The source uses Han less as a full institutional history than as a succession and vulnerability case. 韩烈侯’s accession matters because the episode treats ruler death as a moment when rivals can test whether a new polity’s chain of command is intact.

《资治通鉴·周纪》07丨两起刺杀（2） adds two Han stress points: 侠累, Han’s chancellor, is killed by 聂政, and 负黍 defects back from 郑国 to Han before being taken by 楚国 soon after.

《资治通鉴·周纪》08丨一代名将吴起惨死（2） adds the death of 韩烈侯 in 387 BCE and the accession of his son 韩文侯. Han remains part of the source’s clustered early Warring States succession pattern.

《资治通鉴·周纪》08丨一代名将吴起惨死（3） adds a 385 BCE attack on 郑国 in which Han takes Yangcheng. The episode presents it as one more step in the pressure that later culminates in Han’s absorption of Zheng, rather than as an isolated border raid.

《资治通鉴·周纪》09丨战国时代的世界大战 keeps Han in both war and succession roles. Han joins Zhao and Wei to attack Qi in support of Yan, later joins Zhao and Wei again against Qi at Lingqiu, sees 韩文侯 die and 韩哀侯 succeed, and participates in the final deposition of 晋静公.

《资治通鉴·周纪》10丨 以家族单位 有蚂蚁吃大象的精神（1） turns Han from one actor in interstate churn into the episode’s main long-strategy case. It traces Han from 韩康子 and 韩武子 through 韩景侯, 韩烈侯, 韩文侯, and 韩哀侯, arguing that the absorption of 郑国 in 375 BCE was built through generational family strategy and strategic capital relocation.

《资治通鉴·周纪》10丨 以家族单位 有蚂蚁吃大象的精神（2） adds Han’s immediate post-conquest instability. The episode records 韩哀侯 dying in the 严遂 / 韩廆 assassination crisis and 韩懿侯 succeeding, while flagging the relation between this account and the earlier 聂政 / 侠累 variant.

《资治通鉴·周纪》10丨 以家族单位 有蚂蚁吃大象的精神（3） returns Han to strategic expansion. 王绰’s flight from Wei and 公孙齐’s advice lead 韩懿侯 to join 赵成侯 against Wei. Han then favors partitioning Wei into smaller states, but withdraws when Zhao prefers installing 公中缓 and taking territory.

《资治通鉴·周纪》11丨 世界风起云涌（1） shifts Han from attacking Wei to coordinating with it under Qin eastward pressure. In 366 BCE, Han and 魏国 meet at Zaiyang, but 秦国 defeats their joint force at Luoyang Jinjiao.

《资治通鉴·周纪》11丨 世界风起云涌（2） adds the unstable sequel in 362 BCE. Han and 赵国 are defeated by 魏国 at Hui, showing that anti-Qin coordination does not remove immediate rivalry among the Three Jin successor states.

《资治通鉴·周纪》14丨齐威王 不鸣则已一鸣惊人 adds a later pressure point. Qin defeats Han at West Mountain in 358 BCE, helping explain why 魏国 builds western defenses and why the 357 BCE Wei-Han meeting, probably involving 韩昭侯, belongs inside Qin Eastward Pressure / 秦国东进压力 rather than ordinary court ceremony.

《资治通鉴·周纪》16丨孙膑庞涓恩怨纠葛 桂陵之战 adds Han attacking 东周国 and taking small places in 353 BCE. The episode uses the notice to show that Han’s expansion pressure reaches even the reduced 周王室 domain after 东周西周分裂.

《资治通鉴·周纪》17丨韩昭侯和申不害 adds Han’s internal-strengthening branch under 韩昭侯 and 申不害. The episode says Shen Buhai’s chief-minister work helps make Han ordered and militarily strong, while Han Zhaohou’s refusal of private office requests and careful use of rewards become 因功赏罚. Han also appears as both a force in the 襄陵 fighting and a refuge for 公子泄 after Zhao’s succession conflict.

《资治通鉴·周纪》19丨马陵之战 makes Han the endangered state whose crisis triggers 马陵之战. 魏国 attacks under 庞涓, Han asks 齐国 for help, and 齐威王 privately promises rescue while following 孙膑’s delayed-rescue advice. Han keeps fighting, loses repeatedly, and ends up dependent on Qi’s intervention.

《资治通鉴·周纪》26丨孟子来了！ adds Han’s post-申不害 personnel line. After Shen dies, 张开地 succeeds as chief minister, and his son 张平 later continues the office; the episode uses this family continuity to explain why 张良’s later anti-Qin action is remembered as Han-restoration loyalty.

《资治通鉴·周纪》27丨围观魏惠王和齐威王是咋商业互捧 adds two Han-facing branches. First, Qin takes 宜阳 from Han in 335 BCE, extending Qin eastward pressure against Han directly. Second, the episode explains why Han is not onstage at 徐州相王: 申不害 had already advised 韩昭侯 into a deferential posture toward 魏惠王 / 梁惠王, making Han’s low posture earlier and less ceremonially visible in the Qi-Wei meeting.

《资治通鉴·周纪》28丨韩昭侯的快乐你想象不到 uses that Qin seizure as the context for judging Han’s internal conduct. After losing 宜阳 and suffering drought, 韩昭侯 builds a high gate; 屈宜臼 criticizes this as 时绌举赢, making Han a case where external pressure and domestic hardship should change ruler behavior.

《资治通鉴·周纪》29丨苏秦励志爽文：知识改变命运 records Han’s next compact succession notice. 韩昭侯 dies, and 韩宣惠王 succeeds in the same 333 BCE cluster that also records Qi, Yan, and Wei transitions.

《资治通鉴·周纪》32丨“史上首位联合国秘书长”苏秦 makes Han the first new stop in 苏秦’s completed 合纵 tour after Zhao authorization. Su Qin tells 韩宣惠王 that serving 秦国 will only produce repeated land concessions because Han’s territory is finite and Qin’s demands are not, then converts the strategic point into dignity-based persuasion.

《资治通鉴·周纪》44丨一个公司为什么不能有两位CEO？ adds a Han internal-governance case. 韩宣惠王 considers making 公众 and 公叔 joint chief ministers, and 谬刘 argues that two top ministers could produce domestic factions, foreign backing, and territorial concessions. The episode makes Han a case for 双首长权力风险 rather than only an object of Qin-facing persuasion.

《资治通鉴·周纪》45｜以史为鉴，君王到底该不该杀人成性？ continues Han’s Qin-facing vulnerability. Qin attacks Han and takes Yanling in 319 BCE. Han then joins Chu, Zhao, Wei, and Yan in the 318 BCE anti-Qin attack, but the army stalls at 函谷关 and collapses through 联盟自保失灵.

《资治通鉴·周纪》46丨骂你是个“二百五”的历史来源 follows that vulnerability into disaster. After the failed Hangu Pass campaign, 秦国 pursues Han and 魏国 east under 樗里子, defeats Han badly at 修鱼之战, and then captures Han generals rendered in the source as Wei Sou and Shen Chai at 浊泽. Han therefore becomes the front-line state that pays for a coalition failure it could not solve alone.

《资治通鉴·周纪》51丨 楚怀王：秦小儿看舅舅如何灭了你！ gives Han a smaller but strategically important role in the Qin-Chu sequel. While 楚怀王 drives the 楚国 army deep toward 蓝田之战, Han and 魏国 move against Chu’s capital region and rear. Han is therefore no longer only a state exposed to Qin pressure; it can also exploit another state’s overextension.

《资治通鉴·周纪》52丨 陈庄叛秦 端起碗吃饭放下碗骂娘 adds Han’s next compact succession notice. The episode says 韩宣惠王 / 韩惠王 dies and his son Cang succeeds as 韩襄王, keeping Han inside the annalistic rhythm while the main narrative weight shifts to Yan recovery and Qin’s Ba-Shu rebellion.

《资治通鉴·周纪》54丨我尊你是王，你当我是屁 makes Han the first target in Zhang Yi’s post-Chu lobbying circuit. Zhang Yi tells 韩襄王 that Han’s terrain, food supply, and soldiers cannot withstand Qin pressure, especially if 秦国 controls 宜阳 and Chenggao. Han’s acceptance makes it the opening case of 包围威胁式说服 and also part of Qin’s claimed pressure map against Qi and Zhao.

《资治通鉴·周纪》60丨 中国第一位把持朝政的太后竟是她？ gives Han a rapid pressure-and-repair sequence. Qin attacks Han in 303 BCE and retakes 武遂, after first attacking 魏国 crossing points. Han also joins Qi and Wei in punishing 楚国 for moving toward Qin. After 芈横 kills a Qin official and Qin prepares to turn against Chu, Han’s crown prince 韩婴 meets 秦昭襄王 and 魏襄王 at 临晋 and then visits 咸阳, making Han part of Qin’s repaired anti-Chu alignment.

《资治通鉴·周纪》68丨惊叹宋康王荒淫无度的狗血历史（1） adds Han as one of the states whose concessions fail to stop Qin’s pressure cycle. The episode groups Han with 魏国 as having ceded land before 秦国 again sends 白起 and 司马错 against Wei. Han’s role is brief, but it reinforces the same 抱薪救火式割地求和 pattern later voiced through 苏代: front-line accommodation can buy time without changing Qin’s structural appetite.

《资治通鉴·周纪》83丨诸侯摆烂竟成了经典计中计？ gives Han a later survival-through-leverage case. 魏国 and 赵国 attack Han at 华阳之战, but Han’s envoy uses 投敌威胁式求援 to make Qin rescue it: if Qin does not help, Han can surrender to Qin’s rivals. The episode then records 韩釐王’s death and 韩桓惠王’s accession, after which Han and Wei are pulled into Qin’s next campaign direction.

《资治通鉴·周纪》84丨防止秦国灭楚竟用这招？ turns that Qin-aligned position into a liability in another state’s argument. 黄歇 / 春申君 tells 秦昭襄王 that Han’s resentment toward Qin makes it unsafe as a borrowed road for attacking 楚国. Han is therefore both Qin’s recent client and the corridor state whose possible defection helps stop the immediate campaign.

《资治通鉴·周纪》92丨历史上第一位著名舔狗是谁？（1） makes Han the direct object of 范雎’s near-attack logic. 白起 attacks Han in 264 BCE, then takes 韩国南阳 and attacks 太行道 in 263 BCE. The episode reads this as 交通线切割: once 上党 is cut off from Xinzheng, Han loses practical control over its northern territory even before Qin formally absorbs it.

《资治通鉴·周纪》93丨在梦里藏着偷天改命？（1） shows the political consequence of that loss of practical control. 冯亭 concludes that Shangdang cannot hold out and should not surrender to Qin, so he tries to give the territory to 赵国 in order to force Zhao into the anti-Qin problem. Han’s role here is weakened home state: it can no longer reliably protect Shangdang, so a local official tries to manufacture help by transferring the crisis.

《资治通鉴·周纪》93丨在梦里藏着偷天改命？（2） records how that manufactured help looks from Zhao’s side. 赵豹 / 平阳君 says Shangdang’s refusal to surrender to Qin but willingness to submit to Zhao is a deliberate “嫁祸” to Zhao. Han therefore appears less as an active central court than as the weakened owner of a frontier whose local official turns lost territory into an anti-Qin pressure-transfer device.

《资治通鉴·周纪》95丨长平之战后秦国为什么没有灭了赵国（1） shows Han reacting to the disaster it helped set in motion. With 赵国 nearly exposed after 长平之战, Han fears that Qin’s destruction of Zhao would leave Han even more vulnerable, so Han and 魏国 send 苏代 to lobby 范雎. The resulting pause still costs Han 垣雍, showing that avoiding Qin’s immediate destruction of Zhao does not mean Han escapes territorial payment.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》100-1｜皇帝中的超长待机王过世了 carries that vulnerability into Qin Zhaoxiang Wang’s final years. The episode explains Han’s early and unusually deferential attendance before 秦国 through geography: Qin’s absorption of western Zhou territory and pressure around Shangdang leave Han exposed from multiple sides. After 秦昭襄王 dies, 韩桓惠王 personally mourns him, making Han the clearest case of 准天子式秦霸权 as survival diplomacy.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》104｜阴谋失算让秦国版图又又又膨胀了 shows Han trying a final indirect answer to Qin pressure. Instead of confronting 秦国 militarily, Han sends 郑国 to promote the 郑国渠 as a resource-draining project. The episode makes Han’s move tragic because the plan buys at most short-term time while strengthening Qin’s future food and war base.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》105｜战争花样赵国李牧最会耍 adds the next military consequence. In 244 BCE, 蒙敖 attacks Han and takes twelve cities even though 秦国 is experiencing famine. The source uses Han’s defeat to show how little military resistance Han can still offer after earlier Qin route-cutting, land loss, and the failed Zhengguo Canal gambit.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》112-1｜姚贾是如何凭一张嘴破四国合纵？ returns Han to the first-target question. 李斯 argues that Qin should attack Han first because it is small, weak, and close, while 韩非 answers with 《存韩》, trying to redirect Qin toward 赵国. Li Si’s rebuttal makes Han’s uncertainty the danger: if Qin attacks Zhao and 齐国 joins, Han could reverse position and threaten Qin from the rear. Han is then one of the four states 姚贾 visits while breaking the coalition plan.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》112-2｜秦始皇也是他的书迷？ gives the same late-Han problem a domestic prehistory. 韩非 is a Han royal who sees Han as the weakest of the seven powers and repeatedly urges 韩王安 / Han An to adopt Legalist reform, but the advice is not used. Han then sends Han Fei to 秦国 when Qin prepares to make Han the first target, turning an ignored internal reformer into a risky envoy whose writings have already impressed 嬴政 / 秦始皇.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》112-3｜韩非与姚贾论战，秦王当裁判 closes that late-Han branch. Han Fei’s attack on 姚贾 is read as an attempt to protect Han by weakening the Qin court operators most committed to conquest and coalition sabotage. It fails: Yao Jia survives, 李斯 recasts Han Fei’s royal identity as proof he will always favor Han, and Han loses the envoy who tried to preserve it from inside Qin’s court.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》113｜李牧如何用一己之力阻秦国统一 records Han’s formal endpoint. In 231 BCE Han offers Nanyang to Qin, and in 230 BCE Qin attacks, captures 韩王安 / Han An, ends Han as a state, and establishes Yingchuan commandery in the old Han region. This completes the path traced through earlier Han pages: route severance, weakness, failed reform, failed envoy defense, and finally absorption.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》120-1｜谁是皇帝中的妈宝男？ adds Han to Qin’s post-unification explanation of the destroyed states. In that source-scoped narrative, Han first submits but then breaks faith by connecting with 赵国, so Qin can present Han’s destruction not simply as conquest but as part of a 兼并自卫叙事.

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