James Meade

James Meade is presented in 【旧番重听】蜜蜂经济学 as the economist whose bee-and-apple-orchard example made positive externalities easy to explain. In the episode’s account, Meade argues that bees and orchards create benefits for one another without explicit payment, implying that markets may fail and government correction may be warranted.

The episode’s main use of Meade is as a productive foil. 张五常 later challenges the factual assumptions behind the example by showing that apple blossoms are weak nectar sources and that beekeepers and growers have real contracts for pollination and honey access. That makes Meade central to the wiki’s new Externality Internalization branch: his model is conceptually clear, but the source asks whether actual Pollination Service Market practice already solves part of the problem.

Connections

• 【旧番重听】蜜蜂经济学 — source episode that discusses Meade’s externality example.
• Bernard Mandeville — earlier bee metaphor in the same episode.
• 张五常 — empirical counterpoint to Meade’s stylized case.
• Externality Internalization and Pollination Service Market — concepts directly shaped by the Meade-versus-Cheung contrast.