居弥 / 拘弥国 / Jumi Kingdom (late Han)

Overview

居弥 / 拘弥国 / Jumi Kingdom is a Western Regions polity whose current wiki profile now covers two different roles. Hanji 810 presents Jumi as the polity seized by 于阗国 after King Xing is killed; Hanji 838 presents Jumi through King Chengguo’s accusation against Khotan, which redirects Han envoy action.

Current Profile

The earlier layer comes from Hanji 810. Khotan king Fang Qian kills Jumi king Xing and installs his own son. Fang then sends tribute, but Shun’s court does not mount the punitive expedition requested from Dunhuang. Shun offers pardon if Khotan returns Jumi; Fang refuses. Jumi is therefore the dependent polity whose loss exposes the limits of Han recognition and coercion in the Western Regions.

The later layer comes from Hanji 838. Zhao Ping’s son passes through Jumi while escorting Zhao’s coffin, and 居弥王成国 claims that Zhao was murdered at 于阗王建’s direction. When 王敬 also passes through Jumi, Chengguo tells him Khotanese people want Chengguo as king. Jumi becomes an information and rivalry channel that drives Wang Jing’s reckless Khotan intervention.

Key Characteristics

• Western Regions polity vulnerable to seizure by a neighboring kingdom in the earlier source layer.
• Dependent-polity case where Han recognition does not automatically restore a displaced ruler.
• Later rivalry channel whose king turns accusation into a Han intervention trigger.
• Example of how the same polity can move from victim of coercion to active manipulator of frontier investigation.
• Source-bounded kingdom page that keeps 居弥 and 拘弥 as route variants under one canonical file.

Evidence

• Khotan seizure: Hanji 810 says Khotan king Fang Qian kills Jumi king Xing and installs his son.
• Failed restoration demand: Hanji 810 says Shun offers pardon if Khotan returns Jumi, but Fang Qian refuses.
• Transit and accusation point: Hanji 838 says Zhao Ping’s son passes through Jumi and hears Chengguo accuse Khotan King Jian.
• Intervention trigger: Hanji 838 says Chengguo tells Wang Jing that Khotanese people want Chengguo as king.

Qualifications

This page keeps Jumi source-scoped to Hanji 810 and Hanji 838. It does not identify the kingdom’s wider geography, institutions, or later history beyond the Khotan seizure, Shun-era non-restoration, and Chengguo accusation chain. King Xing and Fang Qian remain source-scoped until additional notes require standalone canonical pages.

What Changed

• Added Hanji 810’s earlier Jumi seizure layer and preserved the route variant 拘弥 alongside the existing 居弥 route.
• Preserved Hanji 838’s later Jumi role as a local-rivalry channel in a failed Han frontier investigation.

Relationships

• 于阗国 - neighboring polity that seizes Jumi in Hanji 810 and is later targeted through Jumi’s accusation channel.
• 汉顺帝 - ruler whose conditional pardon order fails to restore Jumi.
• 居弥王成国 - later ruler whose accusation makes Jumi central to the Hanji 838 incident.
• 于阗王建 - Khotan king accused by Chengguo in the later source layer.
• 王敬 - Han official whose mission is redirected after passing through Jumi.
• 谣言驱动的边疆干预 - concept illustrated by Jumi’s later role as accusation channel.
• 承认背书式边疆外交 - related framework for why Han-recognized order can fail without enforceable backing.