刘虞 / Liu Yu (Late Han)

Hanji 939 backfills Liu Yu’s Youzhou appointment before Hanji 942 develops his pacification. After 刘焉’s provincial-shepherd proposal, the court sends Liu Yu as 幽州 shepherd because he has earlier local prestige and is expected to handle 张纯’s rebellion.

The same source also makes Liu Yu’s appointment part of 边疆征发反噬. The court orders 南匈奴 troops to support him against Zhang Chun; that requisition helps trigger the revolt that kills 羌渠 and installs 于扶罗.

Hanji 942 backfills Liu Yu’s successful 幽州 entry before the later alternative-emperor and death branches. Sent into a province destabilized by 张举, 张纯, 丘力居, and frontier forces, Liu Yu sends envoys to 鲜卑, offers rewards around Zhang Ju and Zhang Chun, and induces Qiu Liju’s submission.

The episode makes Liu Yu’s reputation a governing instrument. After the crisis disperses, he removes most garrisons and leaves 公孙瓒 with cavalry at 右北平, creating the early contrast between 民心型政治安全 and Gongsun Zan’s military suppression path. The same source also notes his elevation after an eclipse, when 马日磾 is removed as taiwei.

Hanji 948 adds an earlier appointment layer before Liu Yu becomes the alternative-emperor refusal case in Hanji 954. After deposing 刘辩 / 弘农王, 董卓 appoints Liu Yu as da sima and grants him marquis status, using Liu Yu’s reputation and Han-clan standing to stabilize the newly coerced court surface.

The source makes this appointment part of legitimacy packaging rather than evidence of Dong Zhuo’s secure support. Liu Yu is not shown as choosing Dong Zhuo’s project; his name is useful because the court needs respected figures after 胁迫式废立.

Hanji 954 adds the earliest title-risk layer before the later 公孙瓒 accusation and Youzhou rupture. In 191 CE, 袁绍 and 韩馥 try to make Liu Yu the alternative emperor because 汉献帝 is trapped under 董卓’s control; 张岐 is sent to offer the title.

Liu Yu refuses both the imperial title and the fallback proposal that he supervise memorials and appointments on the emperor’s behalf. The source frames the refusal as loyalty to the recognized Han ruler and as 安全第一政治生存: Liu Yu’s son 刘和 is in Chang’an, making Dong Zhuo’s hostage leverage and the Yuan-family massacre politically vivid. Hanji 954 therefore clarifies that later charges about Liu Yu seeking the title are accusation material, not accepted wiki fact.

Hanji 958 adds the earlier trust rupture before the 193 CE direct conflict with 公孙瓒. 汉献帝 sends Liu Yu’s son through 武关 to ask Liu Yu for troops, but 袁术 detains him at 南阳郡 and has him write back for cavalry.

The episode says Liu Yu ignores Gongsun Zan’s warning that Yuan Shu wants to absorb the troops, while Gongsun Zan separately sends 公孙越 to Yuan Shu and advises holding Liu Yu’s cavalry. Liu Yu later learns of this, making Hanji 958 an early explanation for why Liu Yu and Gongsun Zan are already politically damaged before the Hanji 971-972 supply and attack sequence.

Hanji 971 supplies the immediate prelude to Liu Yu’s Hanji 972 rupture with 公孙瓒. The closing Youzhou note says Liu Yu reduces Gongsun Zan’s supplies because he sees repeated war against 袁绍 and local plunder as destructive, while both sides send accusations to the court.

Hanji 972 backfills Liu Yu before the aftermath in Hanji 998. In 193 CE, 刘虞 / Liu Yu (Late Han) reads 公孙瓒’s fortified small city and repeated illness excuses as open rebellion, then attacks first in 幽州.

The episode stresses the split between Liu Yu’s moral authority and his command capacity. He orders his troops not to burn the city and to kill only Gongsun Zan, but the source describes the army as an undisciplined crowd; the attack fails as a 仁厚指挥执行缺口, and Liu Yu flees to 居庸关 before being captured.

The same source makes his death a coerced court-legitimacy scene. 段迅 arrives with edicts recognizing Liu Yu’s enlarged authority, but Gongsun Zan accuses Liu Yu of colluding with 袁绍 and seeking the imperial title, then kills Liu Yu and his family in the marketplace. 田筹’s later mission, tomb reading, and mountain settlement preserve Liu Yu’s moral authority after the defeat.

Hanji 998 follows the aftermath: Liu Yu’s old staff and supporters, especially 鲜于辅, gather forces to avenge him. His son 刘和 becomes a banner around which 乌桓, 鲜卑, and Yuan Shao-aligned forces can coordinate against Gongsun Zan.

Connections

• Hanji 939, 州牧集权与地方割据, 张纯, 南匈奴, 羌渠, and 边疆征发反噬 - appointment and requisition-backfire prehistory.
• Hanji 942, 张举, 张纯, 丘力居, 鲜卑, 乌桓, 公孙瓒, 右北平, and 马日磾 - Youzhou pacification, garrison reduction, and eclipse-linked elevation.
• Hanji 948, 董卓, 胁迫式废立, and 名器合法性 - early reputation-bearing appointment after Dong Zhuo’s deposition.
• Hanji 958, 汉献帝, 袁术, 武关, 南阳郡, and 公孙越 - earlier cavalry-request and trust-rupture branch.
• Hanji 971 - supply, plunder, and accusation prelude to the direct Liu Yu/Gongsun Zan conflict.
• 公孙瓒 - killer and political beneficiary whose rule backfires after Liu Yu’s death.
• 段迅 - court envoy whose edict is overwhelmed by Gongsun Zan’s coercion.
• 田筹 - loyal envoy and posthumous order-builder tied to Liu Yu.
• 居庸关 - refuge where Liu Yu is captured after defeat.
• 鲜于辅 - former subordinate who organizes revenge.
• 刘和 - son welcomed by the anti-Gongsun coalition.
• 幽州 - regional power base at stake.
• 仁厚指挥执行缺口, 暴行反噬式动员, and 民心型政治安全 - concepts explaining why Liu Yu loses militarily but remains politically dangerous after death.