秦昭襄王 / King Zhaoxiang of Qin

秦昭襄王 / King Zhaoxiang of Qin appears in 《资治通鉴·周纪》58丨赵武灵王如何打造强国 as the succession answer after 秦武王 dies without a son. The episode says Qin Wuwang’s younger half-brother Ying Ji was then a hostage in 燕国 and was brought back to succeed.

The source keeps him at the threshold of power rather than narrating his reign. His function here is to show how Qin moves from Qin Wuwang’s impulsive death into a new branch tied to 芈八子 / 宣太后, who is named as Ying Ji’s mother and later political figure.

《资治通鉴·周纪》59丨一朝君王一朝臣 moves him from accession threshold into first political context. The episode has Qin Zhaoxiang Wang send 向寿 to administer the newly taken 宜阳 region, then accept 甘茂’s proposal to return 武遂 to 韩国. It also says Qin Wuwang’s brothers fight for the throne after the sonless death, and 魏冉 uses forceful methods to secure Ying Ji’s succession.

《资治通鉴·周纪》60丨 中国第一位把持朝政的太后竟是她？ gives his early reign its governing structure. Because he is young, 芈八子 / 宣太后 controls the court and empowers 魏冉, who guards 咸阳 and suppresses 嬴壮’s revolt. The episode then follows Qin Zhaoxiang Wang through two diplomatic turns: marriage and alliance repair with 楚国 at 黄棘, then repair with 韩国 and 魏国 at 临晋 after 芈横 kills a Qin official and flees.

《资治通鉴·周纪》61丨谁是历史上胆儿最肥的帝王？ puts Qin Zhaoxiang Wang opposite 赵武灵王 in a disguised reconnaissance story. Zhao Wuling Wang enters Qin as if he were a Zhao envoy in order to inspect Qin’s mountains and rivers and assess Qin Zhaoxiang Wang personally. Qin Zhaoxiang Wang senses after the meeting that the envoy is not an ordinary minister, but Zhao Wuling Wang has already crossed the border before Qin can detain him.

The source makes Qin Zhaoxiang Wang a target of strategic reading, not merely a young ruler under regency. Zhao Wuling Wang’s planned route from Yunzhong and Jiuyuan toward 咸阳 also marks Qin’s capital as something that could be imagined from beyond the usual 函谷关 approach.

《资治通鉴·周纪》62丨稷儿，诓你舅舅的“腿”啊 makes Qin Zhaoxiang Wang the planner or beneficiary of the 武关 trap against 楚怀王. Qin invites Chu Huaiwang to a meeting, uses kinship and alliance repair language to lower his guard, then closes Wuguan and takes him to 咸阳. The episode frames Qin’s demand for 巫郡 and 黔中 as coercive statecraft backed by a captured ruler.

《资治通鉴·周纪》63丨 德高望重孟尝君是伪君子？ makes Qin Zhaoxiang Wang’s suspicion turn inward toward his foreign chancellor. After hearing that 孟尝君 / 田文 may privilege 齐国 interests over Qin’s, he replaces Mengchangjun with 楼缓, imprisons him, and prepares to kill him. The same episode says he releases Mengchangjun after a palace favorite intercedes, then regrets it and sends pursuers too late.

The source also continues Qin Zhaoxiang Wang’s Chu pressure. Once 楚国 reports that 芈横 / 楚顷襄王 has already been installed, detaining Chu Huaiwang loses much of its coercive value. Qin then attacks Chu through 武关, kills fifty thousand troops, and takes sixteen cities.

《资治通鉴·周纪》65丨我穿越去给浪漫的楚王念首诗 follows that coercive branch to its reputational cost. 楚怀王 escapes from 咸阳 but is intercepted after Qin blocks his return route; he dies in Qin the next year, and Qin sends the coffin back to Chu. The same episode says 齐国, 韩国, 魏国, 赵国, and 宋国 then attack Qin as far as 阏氏, before Qin returns 武遂 to Han and 封陵 to Wei to split the pressure.

《资治通鉴·周纪》67丨战国“灭霸”白起的军事才能究竟如何 turns his reign into the first 白起-centered military acceleration. Qin first defeats Wei at Xiecheng, then Bai Qi destroys the Han-Wei coalition at 伊阙之战 and captures 公孙喜, while the same annalistic sequence has Qin threaten 芈横 / 楚顷襄王 into renewed marriage diplomacy. The page therefore adds Qin Zhaoxiang Wang’s court as a setting where victory, intimidation, territorial timing, and alliance repair operate together.

《资治通鉴·周纪》69丨必看！古代帝王奇葩死法大盘点 places Qin Zhaoxiang Wang in the anti-Qi environment after 齐湣王 destroys 宋国. The source says he meets 楚顷襄王 at Wan and 赵惠文王赵何 at Zhongyang, then Qin attacks Qi and captures nine cities under 蒙敖. Qin’s action here is a response to Qi’s sudden overstrength as much as a continuation of Qin expansion.

《资治通鉴·周纪》72丨什么样的人 才是忠贞之士？ adds Qin Zhaoxiang Wang to the same-year diplomatic aftermath of Qi’s collapse. The episode says he meets 魏昭王 and 韩釐王 at the Zhou capital around 洛邑, showing Qin using interstate convening while 燕国 is converting victory in Qi into occupation.

《资治通鉴·周纪》73丨历史上自由恋爱的开创者是谁？ adds the more forceful sequel. Qin Zhaoxiang Wang meets 赵惠文王赵何 at Rangcheng, and Qin then attacks 魏国, takes 安城, and advances near 大梁 before withdrawing. The episode reads this as Qin refusing to be satisfied by anti-Qi coalition treasure and returning to eastward pressure.

《资治通鉴·周纪》74丨还原完璧归赵真相！ places Qin Zhaoxiang Wang in the “完璧归赵” exchange. He offers fifteen cities for 和氏璧, receives and admires the jade, but does not move to deliver the cities. 蔺相如’s response turns Qin’s non-performance into the visible problem; once the jade has already returned to 赵国, Qin Zhaoxiang Wang releases Lin rather than killing an envoy for no recoverable gain.

《资治通鉴·周纪》76丨谁给了楚顷襄王的自信？ turns that Qin-Zhao tension into war pressure. After 赵惠文王赵何 refuses to join Qin in attacking 齐国, Qin Zhaoxiang Wang attacks Zhao, takes cities, attacks again in 281 BCE, and captures 石城. The episode also records his reappointment of 魏冉 as chancellor and previews his invitation to meet Zhao Huiwen Wang at 渑池.

《资治通鉴·周纪》77丨廉颇与蔺相如 史上最著名的一对“好基友” continues his pressure pattern into 280-279 BCE. Qin Zhaoxiang Wang uses 白起 against 赵国 and later 楚国, while 司马错 leads a hard southwestern route through 巴蜀 toward Chu’s Qianzhong region. At 渑池, however, his attempt to place 赵惠文王赵何 in a lower-status performance scene is checked when 蔺相如 forces a matching Qin gesture.

《资治通鉴·周纪》82丨大秦的核武器：白起来了！ shows the same reign using victory to reorder territory and future campaign routes. Under Qin Zhaoxiang Wang’s Qin, Bai Qi takes the Chu capital region, Qin creates 南郡, and the following year Qin takes 巫郡 and 黔中. The episode then explains the attack on 魏国 under 白起 and 魏冉 as a way to pressure the passage states before any deeper strike at 楚顷襄王’s new position.

《资治通鉴·周纪》84丨防止秦国灭楚竟用这招？ shows Qin Zhaoxiang Wang accepting a check on that southern campaign path. 黄歇 / 春申君 writes from the Chu side but argues in Qin’s own interest: if Qin trusts 韩国 and 魏国 as corridor partners while attacking 楚国, Qin risks the kind of rear betrayal associated with 吴王夫差 and 智瑶. Qin Zhaoxiang Wang accepts the reframing, orders 白起 to stop, dismisses Han-Wei troops, and sends Huang Xie back to arrange Qin-Chu friendship.

《资治通鉴·周纪》85｜宣太后为何私通30年后暗杀了老情人？ adds the northern frontier counterpart to that outward pressure. By Qin Zhaoxiang Wang’s thirty-fourth year, 芈八子 / 宣太后’s long relationship with the 义渠 king has helped keep Qin’s rear quiet while Qin campaigns against other states. The episode then has Xuan Taihou kill the Yiqu king at 甘泉宫, after which Qin destroys Yiqu and establishes 北地郡. The source therefore makes Qin Zhaoxiang Wang’s reign depend on both external diplomacy and frontier buffer management.

《资治通鉴·周纪》87丨“狭路相逢勇者胜”终于找到出处了！ returns his reign to the Zhao front. After Zhao does not complete a prior settlement involving 公子吴 and returned land, Qin attacks 阏与 / 燕宇之战. The campaign begins as another expression of Qin coercive pressure, but Zhao She’s staged delay, spy manipulation, forced march, and seizure of the northern mountain make Qin misread the operation and lose the siege.

《资治通鉴·周纪》88丨你怎么看待凤凰男（1） adds two internal-court implications for his reign. First, 魏冉’s recommendation of 客卿灶 / 客卿造 to attack Qi for territory near 陶 / 定陶 shows how a powerful minister can bend Qin force toward private fief expansion. Second, 王稽 / 王继’s discovery of 范雎 under the alias 张禄 previews a new talent channel that may help Qin Zhaoxiang Wang counter Wei Ran’s overgrown authority.

《资治通鉴·周纪》88丨你怎么看待凤凰男（2） shows Qin Zhaoxiang Wang accepting that talent channel. He clears attendants, repeatedly asks Fan Ju to speak, and explicitly permits advice even about his mother and ministers. Fan Ju’s protective remonstrance sequence lets the ruler hear a direct charge that 宣太后 and 魏冉 overshadow royal authority; his adoption of 远交近攻 then turns court recovery and strategic correction into the same problem.

《资治通鉴·周纪》89丨秦王竟被他怼“妈宝男”？ gives that problem sharper succession and personnel stakes. Qin continues pressure against Zhao and Wei through 胡伤 / 胡阳 and 武大夫绾, while 秦悼太子 dies as a hostage in 魏国 and 安国君柱 later becomes crown prince. Inside the court, Fan Ju tells him that 宣太后, 魏冉, 华阳君, 泾阳君, and 高陵君 leave him isolated, so the episode’s “妈宝男” joke is really about hollow royal authority.

《资治通鉴·周纪》90丨揭秘先秦最完美的复仇 records the follow-through. The episode argues that Qin Zhaoxiang Wang’s ability to reduce 宣太后 and 魏冉 shows he was not fully captive before; he still had enough institutional base once he chose to act. His recovered authority then becomes the political condition that lets 范雎 use Qin pressure on 魏国 for both state strategy and personal revenge.

《资治通鉴·周纪》91丨触龙如何敲开守寡赵太后的门（1） keeps him in the 265 BCE transition. After 宣太后 dies and 魏冉 is removed, Qin Zhaoxiang Wang establishes 安国君柱 as crown prince. The same source places Qin’s attack on 赵国 beside attacks on Han, using the 赵丹 / 赵孝成王 accession and Wei Qi refuge problem to explain why Qin now presses Zhao.

《资治通鉴·周纪》92丨历史上第一位著名舔狗是谁？（1） keeps Qin Zhaoxiang Wang behind two decisions. First, under 范雎’s advice, Qin uses 白起 against 韩国, cutting 韩国南阳 and 太行道 so 上党 loses contact with Han’s capital region. Second, when 黄歇 / 春申君 asks for 太子完 to return to sick 楚顷襄王, Qin Zhaoxiang Wang refuses immediate release and wants verification first, showing how hostage suspicion limits alliance repair.

《资治通鉴·周纪》92丨历史上第一位著名舔狗是谁？（2） adds the consequence of that hesitation. Once Mi Wan has escaped and Huang Xie reveals the cover plan, Qin Zhaoxiang Wang first wants to kill Huang Xie. He accepts 范雎’s advice to spare and return him, making this source a case where Qin anger gives way to post-failure strategic salvage.

《资治通鉴·周纪》94丨杀神白起，长平之战中的“草包”名将？（1） puts Qin Zhaoxiang Wang at the decisive information-control point before 长平之战 opens fully. Qin first benefits when Zhao’s envoy 郑朱 is received in Qin, because the visible mission makes other states less likely to rescue Zhao. Later, once 赵丹 / 赵孝成王 replaces 廉颇 with 赵括, Qin Zhaoxiang Wang secretly appoints 白起 as main commander over 王龁 and orders capital punishment for leaks.

《资治通鉴·周纪》94丨杀神白起，长平之战中的“草包”名将？（2） moves Qin Zhaoxiang Wang from command secrecy into emergency mobilization. Once he hears that Zhao’s grain route has been cut, he travels from Xianyang to Henei, grants local rank incentives, and mobilizes males over fifteen to block Zhao relief and supplies. His role is therefore not only choosing Bai Qi, but turning Bai Qi’s operational encirclement into a state-level sealing effort.

《资治通鉴·周纪》94丨杀神白起，长平之战中的“草包”名将？（3） adds the post-victory tension. Qin Zhaoxiang Wang tries to exploit Changping by sending 王陵 against 邯郸 and then wanting 白起 to replace him when the attack goes badly. Bai Qi’s refusal, based on Qin’s depleted people and food after Changping, makes the king’s pursuit of momentum clash with 战争成本与速决纪律.

《资治通鉴·周纪》95丨长平之战后秦国为什么没有灭了赵国（1） presents the earlier policy choice that pauses Qin’s momentum. After 苏代 works on 范雎’s fear of 白起’s future merit, Fan Ju tells Qin Zhaoxiang Wang that the army should rest and that Qin should accept cessions from 韩国 and 赵国. Qin receives 垣雍 from Han and six Zhao cities rather than immediately forcing the destruction of Zhao.

The same source adds a reputation layer. When 赵丹 / 赵孝成王 personally comes for peace and is detained, Qin Zhaoxiang Wang eventually releases him after the framework agreement, leaving 赵郝 to negotiate details. The episode reads this as the king seeking both practical gain and a better international image.

《资治通鉴·周纪》95丨长平之战后秦国为什么没有灭了赵国（2） turns that accepted pause into a new grievance. Zhao’s failure to hand over the promised cities gives Qin Zhaoxiang Wang a reason to ask for an accounting, while Zhao’s internal mood after Changping makes compliance politically hard. The episode therefore presents him less as a chooser between peace and war than as the ruler whose temporary settlement can become a renewed punitive campaign once Zhao defects from it.

《资治通鉴·周纪》95丨长平之战后秦国为什么没有灭了赵国（3） shows Qin Zhaoxiang Wang using social form as coercion. He writes to 平原君 in private-friendship language, invites him to Qin, then detains him and demands 魏齐’s head in service of 范雎’s revenge. Qin’s threat is explicit: without Wei Qi’s head, Pingyuanjun will not be released and Qin may attack Zhao.

The exchange does not become peace. Zhao eventually sends Wei Qi’s head and recovers Pingyuanjun, but Qin Zhaoxiang Wang still continues the military pressure through 王陵 against 邯郸. The episode therefore links his reign’s hostage methods to both 以国力行私仇 and the unfinished post-Changping campaign.

《资治通鉴·周纪》96丨毛遂自荐（1） shows Qin Zhaoxiang Wang confronting a different limit on royal command. After Wang Ling’s Handan attack fails and extra troops still do not break the city, he tries to make 白起 take over; 范雎 also urges Bai Qi after the king. Bai Qi refuses on strategic and reputation grounds, forcing Qin Zhaoxiang Wang to use 王龁 instead. The episode therefore makes his reign a case where state objectives and ruler anger cannot fully override a famous commander’s risk judgment.

《资治通鉴·周纪》96丨毛遂自荐（2） shows his pressure working on the rescuers even while 毛遂 wins 楚国’s commitment. Qin Zhaoxiang Wang warns 魏安釐王 that after Qin destroys Zhao it will turn on Wei, and that threat makes 晋鄙 stop at 邺城. The same episode then makes him the object of 新垣衍’s proposed title elevation: Zhao and Wei might honor him as western emperor to induce Qin withdrawal from 邯郸.

Connections

• 秦武王 - predecessor whose sudden death opens the succession.
• 芈八子 / 宣太后 - mother named in the episode.
• 秦国 - polity he inherits.
• 燕国 - hostage setting before his return.
• 洛邑 and 周王室 - setting of Qin Wuwang’s death and symbolic backdrop to the succession.
• 向寿, 甘茂, 武遂, and 魏冉 - Zhouji 59 post-Yiyang administration, returned-city decision, and accession enforcement.
• 嬴壮, 惠文后, 黄棘, 芈横, 韩婴, 临晋, 太后摄政, and 战国同盟转向 - Zhouji 60 early regency, purge, and diplomacy.
• 赵武灵王, 函谷关, and 咸阳 - Zhouji 61 disguised envoy and northern-route threat branch.
• 楚怀王, 昭雎, 芈兰, 武关, 巫郡, 黔中, and 战术信用成本 - Zhouji 62 Wuguan entrapment and territorial demand.
• 孟尝君 / 田文, 楼缓, 齐国, 鸡鸣狗盗式人才批评, and 芈横 / 楚顷襄王 - Zhouji 63 chancellor replacement, pursuit, and post-succession attack on Chu.
• 阏氏, 武遂, 封陵, 合纵, and 欲擒故纵式让利外交 - Zhouji 65 coalition attack and selective returned-land settlement.
• 白起, 伊阙之战, 公孙喜, 芒卯, 垣郡, and 陶 / 定陶 - Zhouji 67 Bai Qi campaign and surrounding Qin territorial and office sequence.
• 蒙敖, 齐湣王, 宋国, and 秦国东进压力 - Zhouji 69 Qin attack on Qi after Song’s fall.
• 魏昭王, 韩釐王, 洛邑, 周王室, and 朝会之别 - Zhouji 72 Qin-Wei-Han meeting at the Zhou capital.
• 赵何, 安城, 大梁, 联军战后利益失衡, and 秦国东进压力 - Zhouji 73 Rangcheng meeting and renewed attack on Wei.
• 和氏璧, 蔺相如, 赵国, 完璧归赵式外交, and 战术信用成本 - Zhouji 74 promised-city exchange, exposed non-performance, and envoy release.
• 石城, 渑池, 联军战后利益失衡, and 秦国东进压力 - Zhouji 76 attacks on Zhao and next Qin-Zhao diplomatic setup.
• 白起, 司马错, 廉颇, 蔺相如, and 将相和式内部团结 - Zhouji 77 alternating campaigns, Mianchi parity, and Zhao’s internal repair.
• 南郡, 巫郡, 黔中, 魏冉, 魏安釐王, and 战略纵深防御 - Zhouji 82 Chu conquest, commandery formation, and route-pressure turn against Wei.
• 黄歇 / 春申君, 利益重构式说服, 韩桓惠王, and 战国同盟转向 - Zhouji 84 halted anti-Chu campaign and Qin-Chu repair.
• 义渠, 甘泉宫, 北地郡, 陇西郡, 上郡, and 亲密关系式边患安抚 - Zhouji 85 rear-frontier pacification and absorption.
• 阏与 / 燕宇之战, 赵奢, 许历 / 许立, 战场信息控制, and 制高点时机优势 - Zhouji 87 failed Qin pressure against Zhao.
• 客卿灶 / 客卿造, 陶 / 定陶, 以国战扩私邑, 范雎, and 王稽 / 王继 - Zhouji 88 Wei Ran self-interest and Fan Ju’s Qin-entry setup.
• 远交近攻, 护身符式进言, and 楚系外戚政治 - Zhouji 88 part 2 Fan Ju audience, strategic turn, and authority-recovery frame.
• 秦悼太子, 安国君柱 / 秦孝文王, 王绾, 胡伤 / 胡阳, and 秦国四贵权力结构 - Zhouji 89 military, hostage, succession, and court-power stakes.
• 须贾, 魏齐, and 以国力行私仇 - Zhouji 90 recovered Qin authority becoming Fan Ju’s revenge platform.
• 赵国, 赵威后, 赵丹 / 赵孝成王, and 远交近攻 - Zhouji 91 Qin pressure during Zhao’s regency crisis.
• 韩国南阳, 太行道, 上党, 交通线切割, 芈完 / 楚考烈王, and 质子外交破裂 - Zhouji 92 Han-front route cutting, Chu hostage verification, and post-escape salvage.
• 郑朱, 赵括, 廉颇, 王龁, 白起, and 长平之战 - Zhouji 94 visible Zhao peace signal and secret Qin command upgrade.
• 战场围困与断粮, 赵国, and 战国战争残酷化 - Zhouji 94 part 2 state mobilization that seals Bai Qi’s encirclement and starvation outcome.
• 王陵, 邯郸, 杀降安全困境, and 战争成本与速决纪律 - Zhouji 94 part 3 prisoner killing and disputed post-victory pursuit.
• 苏代, 范雎, 垣雍, 赵郝, and 位阶焦虑式说服 - Zhouji 95 accepted pause, land cessions, and Zhao ruler release.
• 赵丹 / 赵孝成王, 虞卿, 楼缓, 范雎, and 魏齐 - Zhouji 95 part 2 broken cession promise and renewed Qin anger.
• 平原君, 侯嬴, 贵族义气与国家秩序冲突, 王陵, and 邯郸 - Zhouji 95 part 3 detention, revenge demand, and continued attack after the exchange.
• 王龁, 白起, 范雎, and 战争成本与速决纪律 - Zhouji 96 failed attempt to compel Bai Qi into the Handan command.
• 魏安釐王, 晋鄙, 邺城, 新垣衍, and 尊号式投降方案 - Zhouji 96 part 2 threat against Wei and proposed western-emperor title.