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entity Updated 2026-08-23 Topics: History

齐国 / Qi State

齐国 / Qi State appears in 《资治通鉴·周纪》06丨魏文侯选谁当宰相呢（2） as the state where 司马穰苴 receives command after 晏婴 recommends him to 齐景公. The source uses Qi primarily as the setting for talent recognition, status barriers, and military command reform.

The page also gives a home to existing Qi-related pre-Qin nodes such as 齐桓公 and 齐宣王, without claiming that this episode discusses those rulers directly.

《资治通鉴·周纪》07丨两起刺杀（2） adds a later annalistic notice: Qi attacks 鲁国 in 394 BCE and occupies Zui, contributing to the episode’s picture of quickening interstate conflict.

《资治通鉴·周纪》07丨两起刺杀（3） moves Qi’s internal transition earlier than the later death notice. 田和 displaces 齐康公 to a coastal city, seeks 魏文侯’s help for recognition, and makes 田氏代齐 a case where practical control precedes formal legitimacy. The same source says Qi’s attack on Wei and loss to 鲁国 at Pinglu matter less than Tian-family internal consolidation unless they seriously damage the state.

《资治通鉴·周纪》08丨一代名将吴起惨死（2） adds the Zhou court’s formal recognition of 田和 in 386 BCE. The host stresses that the practical agreement happened earlier and Tian He had already died, making Qi a case where formal recognition and actual political transfer are offset in time.

《资治通鉴·周纪》08丨一代名将吴起惨死（3） continues Qi immediately after that recognition. Qi attacks 鲁国, while the Tian-family succession becomes a source problem: 田衍 is killed by 田武, 公子喜 is installed and then killed, and Tian Wu rules as the Tian-family Qi Huan Gong. The same source gives Qi a constructive sequel through 稷下学宫 near 临淄, treating state support for scholars as a strategic talent policy that helps explain later Qi strength.

《资治通鉴·周纪》09丨战国时代的世界大战 makes Qi central to both war and dynastic transition. Qi attacks 燕国, is counterattacked by Han, Zhao, and Wei, later joins Wei against Zhao, and is attacked again by the three Jin states at Lingqiu. The same source says 齐康公 dies without an heir, ending Jiang-line Qi, while Tian-family succession continues through Tian-family Qi Huan Gong and 田英齐.

《资治通鉴·周纪》10丨 以家族单位 有蚂蚁吃大象的精神（1） keeps Qi as the target of several 373 BCE attacks. 燕国 defeats Qi at Linghu, while 鲁国 and 卫国 also attack Qi.

《资治通鉴·周纪》10丨 以家族单位 有蚂蚁吃大象的精神（2） adds a contested 齐威王 branch. The source says 《资治通鉴》 places Qi Wei Wang’s Zhou-court visit and the 即墨大夫 / 阿邑大夫 official-audit story under 周烈王’s sixth year, but the host argues the date is probably wrong because the surrounding Qi chronology is not yet ready for Qi Wei Wang. The administrative lesson remains important as Independent Official Audit / 独立考核地方官.

《资治通鉴·周纪》11丨 世界风起云涌（1） begins 周显王’s reign with Qi attacking 魏国 and occupying Guanjing in 368 BCE. The episode then has 赵国 attack Qi and seize a Qi-built wall or fortification line, turning Qi from opportunistic attacker into target within the same year cluster.

《资治通鉴·周纪》14丨齐威王 不鸣则已一鸣惊人 returns to Qi through 齐威王 but makes the chronology caution more explicit. The episode argues that Qi Wei Wang’s accession likely belongs around 357 BCE rather than the earlier received placement, then narrates how 淳于髡’s hidden remonstrance leads to 齐威王一鸣惊人式转向, independent official audits, military recovery, and neighboring states returning occupied land.

《资治通鉴·周纪》15丨酒不醇引发的世界大战 adds two Qi roles in the next cluster. Qi Wei Wang answers 魏惠王 by naming officials such as 檀子 as treasures, making 以贤臣为宝 a Qi governance claim. Qi also joins 楚国 against 鲁国 after the Lu wine insult, making Qi part of the 鲁酒薄而邯郸围 chain even before it later rescues Zhao.

《资治通鉴·周纪》16丨孙膑庞涓恩怨纠葛 桂陵之战 adds Qi’s Sun Bin branch. A Qi envoy secretly brings 孙膑 out of 魏国, 田忌 shelters him, and 齐威王 uses Tian Ji and Sun Bin to rescue 赵国 through 围魏救赵 and 桂陵之战.

《资治通鉴·周纪》17丨韩昭侯和申不害 adds a post-Guiling peace-seeking layer through 《竹书纪年》. After 魏惠王 uses Han forces to defeat a coalition at 襄陵, 齐威王 seeks peace with Wei through 景舍. The episode treats the move as part of a wider rebalancing under Qin pressure.

《资治通鉴·周纪》18丨中国历史上第一例人头税 adds a compact internal notice: Qi kills 牟辛 in 346 BCE. The same source also previews 马陵之战 as the next Qi-Wei confrontation involving 孙膑 and 庞涓.

《资治通鉴·周纪》19丨马陵之战 turns that preview into a policy and campaign case. 齐威王 hears 成侯邹忌, 田忌, and 孙膑 debate whether Qi should avoid, hurry, or delay the rescue of 韩国. Qi secretly promises help, waits while Han and 魏国 exhaust each other, then attacks toward 大梁 with Sun Bin advising the campaign that leads toward 马陵之战.

《资治通鉴·周纪》20丨庞涓死此树下 completes Qi’s campaign success. Sun Bin’s reduced-stove deception pulls 庞涓 into rapid pursuit, the Maling ambush kills him and disorders Wei’s army, and Qi follows by breaking Wei and capturing 太子申. The same victory creates an internal Qi problem because 田忌’s military standing may threaten 成侯邹忌.

《资治通鉴·周纪》21丨邹忌下阴招 田忌国外避难 follows that victory’s domestic cost. Zou Ji frames Tian Ji through a staged market divination and possible rebellion accusation, Sun Bin proposes a sudden counterattack at Yongmen, and Tian Ji instead escapes to 楚国. The source makes Qi a case where external victory against Wei does not settle internal court alignment.

《资治通鉴·周纪》27丨围观魏惠王和齐威王是咋商业互捧 gives Qi a diplomatic payoff after that same victory. 田婴 tries to turn 马陵之战 prestige into a Qi-centered order, and 徐州相王 lets 齐威王 receive formal recognition from 魏惠王 / 梁惠王. The source also says Wei’s deference has its own agenda through 惠施, so Qi’s status gain is real but not uncontested.

《资治通鉴·周纪》28丨韩昭侯的快乐你想象不到 gives that payoff its cost. 张丑 warns 田婴 that accepting Wei’s title recognition will anger strong states, and the later 楚威王 attack at 徐州 proves the danger. Qi also faces pressure from Zhao and Yan, so the source treats the aftermath as 名分秩序反弹 rather than a simple two-state dispute.

《资治通鉴·周纪》29丨苏秦励志爽文：知识改变命运 extends the same aftermath. Chu demands that 田婴 be expelled, but 张丑 persuades Chu that leaving him in place better serves Chu’s interest. The episode also flags Qi’s 333 BCE succession notice as unreliable: the host says 齐威王 has not yet died and 齐宣王 should begin only in 319 BCE.

《资治通鉴·周纪》32丨“史上首位联合国秘书长”苏秦 brings Qi into 苏秦’s completed hezong tour. The episode emphasizes 临淄’s households, adult male population, entertainment, dense traffic, and confident public bearing. Su Qin uses that urban prosperity as dignity pressure: a state with such wealth and population should not submit to 秦国.

《资治通鉴·周纪》34丨秦国总理如何玩转六国 shows Qi on the other side of that alliance story. 犀首公孙衍 helps pull Qi and 魏国 toward an anti-赵国 move, breaking the 合纵 arrangement, but Zhao’s flooding of the Yellow River dikes forces the Qi-Wei army to withdraw. Qi later receives 宋剔成 after 宋君偃 overthrows him in 宋国.

《资治通鉴·周纪》37丨苏秦：六国集团CEO的不堪情史 adds Qi as Su Qin’s target court and as a meeting participant. In the source’s 324 BCE frame, 齐宣王 appoints 苏秦 as guest minister after Su Qin leaves 燕国, and Su Qin urges palace and garden expansion as 奢侈诱导式削弱 for Yan’s benefit. In 323 BCE, Qi’s chief minister meets 张仪 and the Chu chief minister at 啮桑. Because the wiki records the correction that Qi Xuan Wang’s first year should be 319 BCE, this remains a 齐威王编年争议 case.

《资治通鉴·周纪》38丨搞兼职的张仪不一般 gives Qi a different Zhang Yi problem. The source says the Qi ruler, identified in the supplement as 齐湣王, hates Zhang Yi enough that Zhang Yi can predict a Qi attack on whichever state employs him. Qi attacks 魏国 after Zhang Yi arrives there, but withdraws when 冯喜 reveals Zhang Yi’s earlier pitch to 秦武王. Qi therefore becomes the counterparty that makes 阴谋阳谋转换 work: once the plan is public, continuing the campaign looks like being manipulated.

《资治通鉴·周纪》40丨5月出生的孩子惹谁啦？ brings Qi back through domestic power and household succession. 田婴 becomes powerful when the Qi ruler delegates state affairs to him, then tries to fortify 薛地. The episode’s retainer advice says Qi itself is the sea that protects Tian Ying, so Xue’s walls would be a fief security illusion if he lost the state. The same source introduces 孟尝君 / 田文 as Tian Ying’s son, nearly excluded by low maternal status and a May-fifth birth taboo.

《资治通鉴·周纪》41丨孟尝君：我是如何打败这40多位哥哥的 continues the same Qi-linked household branch. Tian Wen wins Tian Ying’s recognition, uses guest reception to build reputation, inherits Xue, and becomes a major patron of wandering士人 through 战国养士. For the Qi page, the source shows how state power, fief wealth, and private patronage can sit inside one aristocratic network.

《资治通鉴·周纪》42丨给孟尝君提意见的后果 makes that aristocratic network morally contested. 司马光 criticizes Mengchang Jun for using state-derived wealth and status to gather an indiscriminate private retainer network, while the ivory-bed story still presents him as unusually good at accepting useful advice.

《资治通鉴·周纪》43丨孟尝君妻子偷情被发现他咋处理？ gives that private network a Qi-protective payoff. A retainer sent away from Mengchang Jun’s household after an affair gains status in 卫国 and later persuades the Wey ruler not to join an attack on Qi. The episode flags possible narrative embellishment because Wey was weak, but the story still shows how Mengchang Jun’s personal patronage could be narrated as interstate leverage for Qi.

《资治通鉴·周纪》44丨一个公司为什么不能有两位CEO？ uses an older Qi court disaster as one of 谬刘’s examples. Qi Jian Gong’s paired use of Tian Cheng and Kan Zhi is cited as a warning that divided high office can turn into internal violence, making Qi part of the episode’s 双首长权力风险 argument even though the source does not develop a full Qi biography here.

《资治通鉴·周纪》45｜以史为鉴，君王到底该不该杀人成性？ adds a 320 BCE succession endpoint and two later policy roles. 齐威王 dies and 齐宣王 succeeds, aligning with the existing correction that Qi Xuan Wang’s first year belongs around 319 BCE. In the 318 BCE anti-Qin campaign, Qi promises support but has 孟尝君 / 田文 move slowly. Later, Qi joins Chu and Wei in destroying 宋国 after 宋康王 / 宋君偃’s violent expansion.

《资治通鉴·周纪》46丨骂你是个“二百五”的历史来源 makes Qi the place where 苏秦 dies. The source says a Qi grandee sends an assassin, while the host leaves open whether the motive was court rivalry or discovery of Su Qin’s covert 燕国 alignment. The deathbed plan attributed through 《史记》 has the Qi ruler publicly accuse Su Qin as a Yan agent to draw out the killer, and the episode’s rejection of the “二百五” story adds 典故来源辨伪 to Qi’s source-critical branch.

《资治通鉴·周纪》48丨君王为啥不能传位宰相 adds the military entry into 燕国 before the Mencius debate. After 市被 and the Yan crown prince fail against 子之, 齐宣王 sends 张子 with troops from the five capitals and northern Qi people; Yan’s soldiers do not fight, the city gates stay open, and Qi kills 燕王哙 and Zi Zhi. The source frames Qi’s move as exploiting a broken 礼制政治秩序 while setting up the later question of whether occupation can be justified by the conquered people’s welfare.

《资治通鉴·周纪》49丨孟子曰：我教你治国 你却把我当花瓶 adds Qi’s failed occupation of 燕国 as a Mencian governance test. 齐宣王 wants to read rapid conquest as 天意, but 孟子 / Mencius says legitimacy depends on whether the conquered people are saved and protected. The episode also keeps Qi’s chronology unstable by flagging the received death notice for Qi Xuan Wang and accession notice for 田地 / 齐湣王 as about twelve years too early.

《资治通鉴·周纪》50丨张仪是怎样把楚怀王忽悠瘸的 keeps Qi in the same corrected chronology and moves it into Qin-Chu diplomacy. 秦惠文王 wants to attack Qi but worries about Qi’s alliance with 楚国. After 张仪 delays the promised land transfer, 楚怀王 sends Song Yi to insult 齐宣王, and Qi’s anger drives it into an agreement with 秦国. Qi therefore becomes the ally whose alienation completes 张仪’s trap.

《资治通鉴·周纪》54丨我尊你是王，你当我是屁 follows that alienation into Zhang Yi’s direct persuasion of 齐宣王. Zhang Yi argues that Qi can no longer rely on 合纵 because Chu, Han, Wei, and Zhao have already shifted toward Qin or can be driven by Qin. Qi’s acceptance makes the state a case where 包围威胁式说服 builds on prior alliance rupture rather than starting from a stable coalition.

《资治通鉴·周纪》55丨 张仪痛失贵人秦惠王 then makes Qi the attacker whose hatred Zhang Yi monetizes. Zhang Yi predicts that Qi will attack 魏国 if he is posted there; after Qi does so, the plan is disclosed to 齐宣王, and Qi withdraws because continuing would serve Zhang Yi and Qin. This updates the Zhouji 38 supplement by giving the same attack-withdrawal logic a cleaner post-Qin-Huiwen-Wang setting.

《资治通鉴·周纪》60丨 中国第一位把持朝政的太后竟是她？ adds Qi as one member of the coalition punishing Chu after 楚国 moves toward 秦国. Qi, 韩国, and 魏国 attack Chu; Chu sends 芈横 as hostage and Qin sends 客卿通, causing the attackers to withdraw. Qi’s role is indirect but important: the coalition pressure shows that Chu’s Qin alignment has costs, while Qin’s rescue creates the hostage sequence that later breaks the Qin-Chu alliance.

《资治通鉴·周纪》62丨稷儿，诓你舅舅的“腿”啊 makes Qi the gatekeeper of Chu succession after 秦昭襄王 detains 楚怀王. 齐湣王 debates whether to release 芈横 / 楚顷襄王 or keep him to bargain for Chu land north of the Huai River. Qi finally releases him because a hostage loses value if Chu installs another king, so Qi’s choice lets Mi Heng return and continue the Chu royal line.

《资治通鉴·周纪》63丨 德高望重孟尝君是伪君子？ makes Qi an indirect loyalty problem inside Qin. 孟尝君 / 田文 serves as Qin chancellor, but someone warns 秦昭襄王 that a Qi aristocrat will naturally prioritize Qi when interests conflict. Qin’s suspicion leads to Mengchangjun’s replacement by 楼缓, imprisonment, and escape.

《资治通鉴·周纪》68丨惊叹宋康王荒淫无度的狗血历史（1） shows Qi at the height of its great-power bargaining position before the Song campaign. 秦昭襄王 offers 齐湣王 the eastern-emperor title, but 苏代 persuades Qi to avoid sharing Qin’s legitimacy risk, abandon the title after watching the reaction, and use renewed 合纵 pressure while keeping focus on 宋国. Qi’s state-level role is therefore double: it can check Qin symbolically and diplomatically, yet its real strategic appetite is Song’s central-plains wealth.

《资治通鉴·周纪》70丨喜欢花样作死的齐国君主 gives Qi’s post-Song reversal its military collapse. 乐毅 defeats Qi Min Wang west of the Ji River, enters 临淄, and sends Qi treasure and ritual valuables back to 燕国. 齐湣王’s flight through Wey, Zou, and Lu, followed by 卓齿’s seizure and execution of him near Ju, makes Qi the state-level case where 数胜必亡式胜利反噬 becomes regime collapse and ruler abandonment.

《资治通鉴·周纪》72丨什么样的人 才是忠贞之士？ gives the conquered-Qi aftermath more texture. 王蠋, a former Qi official who had withdrawn after failed remonstrance, refuses Yan service and dies under coercive pressure. At the state level, 乐毅’s forces discipline troops, honor hidden worthies, reduce taxes, and restore older good governance, while most Qi cities are converted into Yan administrative units and 田法章 hides as a fleeing royal survivor.

《资治通鉴·周纪》73丨历史上自由恋爱的开创者是谁？ continues from occupation aftermath into partial restoration. 田法章 hides in 莒城, 王孙古 kills 淖齿 / 卓齿 in revenge for Qi Min Wang, and Qi ministers install Tian Fazhang as 齐襄王. The source makes Qi’s survival depend on hidden royal continuity, local revenge mobilization, and the remaining city base at Ju rather than on immediate reconquest of the whole state.

《资治通鉴·周纪》78丨齐国命运竟被城管给救了？ adds the second remaining-city branch through 即墨 and 田单. The episode says Qi is reduced to Ju and Jimo, while 乐毅 chooses a patient occupation pacification approach rather than forcing both cities by assault. Qi’s recovery conditions then shift when Tian Dan uses a rumor wedge to get 燕惠王 to remove Le Yi, weakening 燕国’s army before the later counterattack.

《资治通鉴·周纪》79丨史上用耕牛 打胜仗第一人 supplies that counterattack. Tian Dan turns 骑劫’s prisoner mutilation and grave desecration into atrocity backfire mobilization, then uses a false-surrender lull to launch the fire-ox night raid. Qi’s restoration becomes territorial rather than only dynastic: Yan is routed, seventy-plus cities return, and 齐襄王 is escorted from Ju back to 临淄.

《资治通鉴·周纪》80丨诸葛亮的偶像 到底有多厉害？ turns restored Qi from battlefield recovery into court-risk setup. 田单 becomes chancellor after the restoration, but the source warns that 齐襄王 is not as broad-minded as 燕昭王 and is surrounded by nine flattering ministers. Qi therefore moves from “can it survive Yan occupation?” to “can it safely contain the general who restored it?”

《资治通鉴·周纪》81丨历史早期PUA记实录（1） answers that question negatively. Tian Dan’s mercy toward a freezing old man is first treated by Qi Xiang Wang as a threat to royal authority, then temporarily redirected into royal credit by an unnamed artisan. The later 刁伯 mission to 楚国 lets favored ministers present Tian Dan’s care, talent network, and foreign reach as signs of ambition, making restored Qi a case of post-restoration merit threat and ritualized minister humiliation.

《资治通鉴·周纪》81丨历史早期PUA记实录（2） shows restored Qi partially correcting and still suffering from that danger. 刁伯 directly rebukes 齐襄王, after which the king kills the nine favored ministers and expands 田单’s grant. But Tian Dan’s later stalled attack on Di shows the aftereffect of suspicion: the commander who once created desperate unity at 即墨 now hesitates to display the same intimacy with soldiers. The same source closes a separate Qi aristocratic line by saying 孟尝君 / 田文 returns to 薛地 after Qi Xiang Wang’s restoration, lives outside normal lordship, and leaves descendants who are destroyed after internal succession conflict.

《资治通鉴·周纪》75-1丨“穷奢极侈”的祖师爷管仲 adds an earlier Spring-Autumn Qi contrast through 管仲 and 齐桓公. Qi becomes strong through Guan Zhong’s administration and economic circulation thinking, but the episode treats the post-Guan Zhong succession struggle and Qi Huan Gong’s starvation as proof that administrative strength can remain person-dependent if it does not become durable ritual and institutional order.

《资治通鉴·周纪》75-2丨“穷奢极侈”的祖师爷管仲 supplies the earlier crisis and reform mechanics behind that contrast. Qi begins with 姜太公 as founding memory, then falls into 齐襄公’s scandal with 文姜, 鲁桓公’s killing, 公孙无知’s usurpation, and the succession race between 姜小白 and 公子纠. Once 鲍叔牙 brings 管仲 into the victor’s government, the source presents Qi’s rise as an integrated package of household control, military-civil organization, penal provisioning, resource monopoly, regulated 女闾, and concession diplomacy.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》102-1｜吕不韦是姜子牙后人？ expands the founding memory behind that quick setup. It says 姜太公 / 姜子牙 is granted Qi after helping 周武王 destroy Shang and establish Zhou, then strengthens the poor and small fief through worthy appointments, attention to livelihood, fishing, salt, and commerce. The episode uses that origin to explain why later claims about 吕不韦’s Jiang-surname/Lu-clan ancestry matter as lineage memory, not only as biography.

《资治通鉴·周纪》75-3丨古代的经济战争能有多可怕？ adds Qi as an economic-warfare operator. Under 管仲 and 齐桓公, Qi first creates profitable demand for 鲁国 and 梁国 cloth, then cuts off that trade after agriculture has been weakened. It repeats the structure against 楚国 by buying live deer at high prices, stockpiling grain, and closing the border. The episode makes Qi’s strength visible through its ability to coordinate consumption, markets, reserves, and border policy.

《资治通鉴·周纪》75-4丨为什么说管仲才是经济战的鼻祖？ extends that Qi branch through 恒山之谋 and domestic policy. Qi buys 恒山国 arms and grain at high prices before closing passes and attacking, making price-signal resource steering part of its offensive toolkit. The same source also makes Qi a commercial-policy example: merchant hospitality, lower trade barriers, private resource operation plus taxation, luxury circulation, and public works all turn Qi’s internal economy into the base for external leverage.

《资治通鉴·周纪》84丨防止秦国灭楚竟用这招？ mentions Qi through 黄歇 / 春申君’s forecast, not through a direct Qi action. Huang Xie argues that if 秦国 attacks 楚国, Qi could move into the Sishui-area plains and become one of the states strengthened by Qin’s commitment elsewhere. The point is source-scoped: Qi functions as a possible beneficiary in an anti-war argument to Qin.

《资治通鉴·周纪》88丨你怎么看待凤凰男（1） adds Qi in two roles. It is the target of 魏冉’s proposed Qin campaign through 客卿灶 / 客卿造, and it is also the court where 齐襄王 privately recognizes 范雎. The first role makes Qi territory useful to another man’s private fief logic; the second makes a well-meant gift become evidence in Wei’s suspicion chain against Fan Ju.

《资治通鉴·周纪》88丨你怎么看待凤凰男（2） keeps Qi as the wrong kind of Qin target. Fan Ju argues that Qin should not reach across 韩国 and 魏国 to attack distant Qi when the land is hard for Qin to retain and easy for intermediaries or private interests to exploit. The same source also uses 齐湣王’s distant attack on 楚国 as a cautionary example behind 远交近攻.

《资治通鉴·周纪》91丨触龙如何敲开守寡赵太后的门（1） gives Qi a conditional-rescuer role in Zhao’s 265 BCE crisis. 赵威后 asks Qi for help against 秦国, but Qi requires 长安君 as hostage before sending troops. Qi is therefore not merely a distant target in Qin strategy; it is also a state whose aid depends on credible hostage leverage.

《资治通鉴·周纪》91丨触龙如何敲开守寡赵太后的门（2） completes that role. Once Chang’an Jun arrives as hostage, Qi sends troops and Qin withdraws from Zhao. The same episode then shifts Qi into succession: 齐襄王 dies, 齐王建 / 田建 succeeds while young, and 君王后 governs in a cautious style that the host contrasts with 田单’s military forcefulness.

《资治通鉴·周纪》94丨杀神白起，长平之战中的“草包”名将？（2） gives Qi a negative counterpart to its earlier conditional rescue of Zhao. During Changping, Zhao asks Qi for grain after Qin cuts its supply line, but 齐王建 / 田建 and especially 君王后 refuse. 周子 warns that Zhao is a shield for Qi and Chu, making Qi’s refusal a source case for 屏障国救援失灵 rather than delayed rescue.

《资治通鉴·周纪》95丨长平之战后秦国为什么没有灭了赵国（2） returns Qi as the proposed recipient of Zhao’s six cities. Yu Qing imagines Qi’s acceptance as a visible anti-Qin signal, but the host doubts Qi’s will and capacity under Qi Wang Jian. This keeps Qi’s late-Warring-States role consistent with the earlier grain refusal: Qi is strategically important as a shield and counterweight, but not reliable as automatic rescue.

《资治通鉴·周纪》96丨毛遂自荐（1） keeps Qi in that unreliable-rescuer position. During the Handan crisis, Qi is named with Wei as a nearby state that would be easier for Zhao to ask for help, but the episode says Zhao cannot count on them because they had failed or harmed Zhao before. Qi’s role remains a negative diplomatic backdrop that helps explain why Zhao sends 平原君 toward 楚国 instead.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》101-1｜这位倒霉君王登基三天即猝死 adds a direct Qi recovery case after 燕国 captures 辽城. 田单 besieges the city for more than a year, then accepts 鲁仲连’s persuasion route; after the trapped Yan commander kills himself, Qi recovers the city. The source makes Qi’s late role not only unreliable rescuer but also a state still recovering lost cities through persuasion-backed military pressure.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》102-2｜孔子在鲁国的身世之谜 adds another late-Qi non-action explanation. Qi is geographically closest to 鲁国 and could plausibly have wanted to absorb it, but the episode says 乐毅’s earlier five-state attack left Qi badly weakened, while 秦国 repeatedly bribed 后胜 to counsel 齐王建 / 田建 toward indifference to other states. Qi’s role in Lu’s fall is therefore negative: its weakness and isolation help create the opening for 楚国.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》119-3｜历史上第一位真正意义上“垂帘听政”太后 moves Qi into the final pre-unification frame. After Qin has captured Yan and Dai in the north and pushed south into Jiangnan and 百越, Qi is the remaining independent state outside Qin’s celebratory “天下大酺.” The episode credits 君王后’s cautious, pro-Qin, non-aligned regency with preserving more than forty years of peace, but also makes that success ambiguous: under 远交近攻, Qin’s friendliness can be a strategic postponement rather than security. Qi therefore becomes the central case for 远国安抚误读 before 雍门司马’s remonstrance to 齐王建 / 田建.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》120-1｜谁是皇帝中的妈宝男？ records Qi’s endpoint in 221 BCE. 王贲 enters from the north, reaches 临淄, and induces 齐王建 / 田建 to surrender under an unfulfilled promise of five hundred li of land. The source says Qi’s 824-year state history, across Jiang-line and Tian-line phases, ends with almost no large-scale battlefield casualties, which makes Qi both the final case of 远国安抚误读 and the central case for 保全生灵式投降.

Hanji 157 part 2 names Qi as the second target in Li Zuoche’s post-Zhao sequence. The episode does not narrate a completed Qi surrender here; it records Li Zuoche’s prediction that once 燕国 submits, another Han envoy can pressure Qi by precedent. Qi’s role is therefore source-scoped as the next expected node in 胜势威慑外交, not yet as an accomplished political result.

Hanji 162-3 narrates that expected pressure beginning to work, but not cleanly. 郦食其 persuades 田广 at 临淄 that Han is becoming the safer side: 刘邦 rewards merit and holds the stronger future, while 项羽 is weakened by broken promises, Yi Emperor’s death, and poor reward allocation. Qi sends envoys toward Liu Bang and relaxes its defensive posture.

The same source immediately qualifies the result. 韩信 hears of Li Shiqi’s success and considers stopping, but 蒯彻 / 蒯通 argues that Han Xin still has an attack order and risks losing merit to a single envoy. Qi’s Hanji 162-3 role is therefore a partial 招降示范级联 case interrupted by unsynchronized Han command, not a stable final settlement.

Hanji 163 turns Qi into the casualty of broken coordination. Because Qi relaxes after accepting Li Shiqi’s terms, Han Xin’s attack lands with particular force, leading Tian Guang and 田横 to execute Li Shiqi as a deceiver and then flee as Qi collapses. The state’s surrender therefore becomes a failed cascade caused by 军令同步失灵, not merely by renewed battlefield resistance.

Hanji 164-1 follows that collapse after the defeat near Lixia. 临淄 can no longer be held, so Tian Guang, 田横, and other Tian-line actors divide the retreat while Qi sends urgent envoys to 项羽. Xiang Yu responds by sending 龙且 to join Tian Guang at Gaomi, turning Qi from a failed Han surrender into the battlefield that will test Han Xin against Chu’s rescue force.

Hanji 164-2 gives that test its result at 潍水之战. Long Ju’s defeat and death remove the Chu rescue option, Tian Guang is captured at Chengyang, 灌婴 takes the Qi chancellor Tian Guang and enters Boyang, and 田横’s self-kingship counterattack fails at Ying County before he flees to 彭越. Qi’s Chu-Han branch therefore moves from failed diplomatic surrender to military collapse and final Han pacification.

Hanji 165-1 turns that pacified territory into a political base. 韩信 asks 刘邦 to let him act as Qi king because Qi is hard to control and close to Chu; Liu Bang, after 张良 and 陈平 intervene, grants real kingship instead. Qi therefore becomes the territorial substance behind both 让封真王式稳局 and 武涉’s later 三分天下式制衡 pitch.

Hanji 170 part 1 closes Tian Heng’s Qi-resistance afterlife. From the island, Tian Heng no longer commands a recoverable state, but Liu Bang still treats him as dangerous because the Tian brothers had ruled Qi and attracted capable followers. Tian Heng’s summons, suicide, royal burial, and followers’ deaths turn Qi’s final resistance from battlefield problem into honor and retainer-loyalty memory.

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