田横 / Tian Heng
田横 / Tian Heng first appears in the wiki background through Qinji 128-8 as one of 田儋’s Qi kinsmen at Di County, alongside 田荣. That source uses him to show that Tian Dan’s anti-Qin restoration begins from a family network as well as a local uprising.
Qinji 130-3 gives Tian Heng a more concrete office. After 田荣 returns to 齐国, drives out 田假, and installs 田儋’s son as king, Tian Rong makes Tian Heng the Qi general.
The page therefore keeps Tian Heng tied to restored Qi’s internal consolidation. In this source he is not the actor who blocks 项梁’s coalition request; that refusal is attributed to Tian Rong.
Hanji 151 part 1 moves Tian Heng from restored-Qi office into active anti-Chu resistance after 田荣’s death. He gathers scattered Qi soldiers, installs Tian Rong’s son 田广 as king, and holds out around 莒城 / 城阳. This renewed Qi center keeps 项羽 occupied away from 彭城, creating the opening for 刘邦 before 彭城之战.
Hanji 152 part 2 gives that Qi resistance a post-Pengcheng settlement turn. Tian Heng defeats the Xiang-backed 田假, after which Tian Jia flees to Xiang Yu and is killed. Tian Heng then reconciles with Xiang Yu and pacifies the Three Qi area, showing how Xiang Yu’s Pengcheng victory changes the bargaining field even for a successful Qi opponent.
In Hanji 163, Tian Heng appears alongside 田广 when 韩信 attacks after 郦食其 has persuaded Qi to submit. The episode frames the execution of Li Shiqi as Qi leadership turning a failed synchronization inside Han into personal betrayal by the envoy, linking Tian Heng to the collapse of 胜势威慑外交 and 军令同步失灵.
Hanji 164-1 continues Tian Heng’s role in the post-Linzi retreat. The episode says the Tian line abandons 临淄 after the Lixia defeat and disperses to multiple positions while 田广 seeks Chu rescue at Gaomi. Tian Heng therefore remains part of the Qi command group managing collapse after the failed surrender, even though the source keeps some retreat names and offices source-scoped.
Hanji 164-2 turns that managed collapse into Tian Heng’s last independent Qi attempt in this sequence. After 潍水之战 kills 龙且 and 田广 is captured, Tian Heng hears that Tian Guang is dead, declares himself Qi king, and attacks 灌婴. His defeat at Ying County and flight to 彭越 make him the surviving Tian-line resistance figure after formal Qi control has largely passed to Han.
Hanji 170 part 1 gives Tian Heng’s final settlement after 刘邦 has become emperor. Tian Heng hides on an island with more than five hundred followers, but Liu Bang judges the remaining Tian-line prestige dangerous enough to combine pardon, rank promises, protection against 郦商’s revenge, and military threat. Tian Heng travels toward 洛阳 / 洛邑 but kills himself at Shixiang rather than accept the humiliation of subject status; his two attendants and the island followers then kill themselves after his death. The episode therefore moves Tian Heng from failed armed resistance into honor-over-life and retainer-death memory, later extended through 徐悲鸿’s “Tian Heng and His Five Hundred Retainers.”
Connections
- Hanji 170 part 1, 刘邦, 郦商, 士为知己者死, 贵族名誉高于生命, and 徐悲鸿 - island exile, compelled summons, suicide, retainer deaths, and later symbolic memory.
- Hanji 164-2, 潍水之战, 田广, 灌婴, and 彭越 - self-kingship attempt, defeat, and flight after Qi’s collapse.
- Hanji 164-1, 田广, 临淄, 齐国, and 龙且 - post-Lixia retreat and Chu rescue setting.
- 田儋 and 田荣 - Qi kinship and restored-state line.
- 齐国 - polity in which he becomes general.
- 田假, 田角, and 田间 - rival Qi arrangement displaced by Tian Rong.
- 六国复国式反秦策略 and 反秦阵营诸侯化分裂 - broader restoration and fragmentation context.
- Hanji 151 part 1, 田广, 莒城 / 城阳, 项羽, and 彭城之战 - renewed Qi resistance that fixes Xiang Yu in the east.
- Hanji 152 part 2, 田假, and 实力重估式阵营转向 - post-Pengcheng defeat of Tian Jia and reconciliation with Xiang Yu.