渭南之战 / Battle of Weinan (Late Han)

Overview

渭南之战 / Battle of Weinan is the 211 CE Guanzhong campaign in which 曹操 defeats a coalition represented in the source by 马超, with 贾诩’s divisive counsel presented as the decision hinge.

Current Profile

The current wiki evidence is compact and retrospective. Hanji 1105 uses the campaign to demonstrate Cao Cao’s continuing personal command, opponent assessment, and adviser use at age fifty-seven. The page therefore records the battle as a late-career capacity marker, not as a complete operational reconstruction of the Guanzhong war.

Key Characteristics

• Located in the 211 CE Guanzhong conflict field.
• Pits Cao Cao against Ma Chao and a coalition the episode portrays as numerous but internally fragile.
• Turns coalition cohesion into the key strategic vulnerability.
• Uses Jia Xu’s divisive counsel as the episode’s decisive mechanism.
• Serves as a bridge between Cao Cao’s rise and the later reversals at Hanzhong and Guan Yu’s northern campaign.

Evidence

• Campaign and outcome: Hanji 1105 places Cao Cao and Ma Chao at Tong Pass / Weinan in 211 and says Cao Cao wins.
• Coalition assessment: Hanji 1105 has Cao Cao judge that a large opposing force cannot remain united.
• Adviser mechanism: Hanji 1105 credits Jia Xu with a divisive strategy that Cao Cao accepts.

Qualifications

Hanji 1105 summarizes rather than reconstructs the campaign. Exact force composition, maneuver sequence, correspondence, casualties, the circumstances of Ma Chao’s revolt, and the episode’s battlefield dialogue remain source-scoped and need broader historical-source comparison.

What Changed

• Created the battle page from Hanji 1105’s late-career Cao Cao retrospective.
• Isolated coalition cohesion and adviser use as the durable claims while keeping dramatic detail source-scoped.

Relationships

• 曹操 - commander whose late-career judgment and adviser use anchor the episode’s account.
• 马超 - principal opposing figure named by the source.
• 贾诩 - adviser credited with the divisive strategy.
• 关中 - strategic region contested in the campaign.
• 汉中 - later western theater where the episode presents Cao Cao losing initiative.
• 利益结构式联盟脆弱性 - adjacent concept for a coalition vulnerable to internal division.