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entity Updated 2026-08-23 Topics: History

燕国 / Yan State

燕国 / Yan State appears in 《资治通鉴·周纪》06丨魏文侯选谁当宰相呢（2） through a brief succession notice: 燕闵公 dies and 燕僖公 succeeds him. The episode also notes that Yan’s capital was Ji, associated with present-day Beijing.

The page is currently source-scoped. Its role is to anchor the annalistic chronology branch of the episode rather than to provide a complete Yan history.

《资治通鉴·周纪》09丨战国时代的世界大战 adds Yan as the state attacked by 齐国 at Sangqiu. 燕简公’s vulnerability draws in Han, Zhao, and Wei, whose rescue attack helps the episode build its early Warring States interstate-war frame.

《资治通鉴·周纪》10丨 以家族单位 有蚂蚁吃大象的精神（1） adds a 373 BCE reversal: Yan defeats Qi at Linghu. The same year 燕僖公 dies and 燕桓公 succeeds.

《资治通鉴·周纪》11丨 世界风起云涌（2） adds the next compact Yan succession notice in 362 BCE: 燕桓公 dies and 燕文公 succeeds. The episode uses it as one of several ruler handoffs around the Qin Xiao Gong accession.

《资治通鉴·周纪》14丨齐威王 不鸣则已一鸣惊人 adds Yan to the 356 BCE diplomatic meeting cluster: 赵国 and Yan meet at Ajuan while Zhao, Qi, and Song meet at Pinglu in the same year.

《资治通鉴·周纪》29丨苏秦励志爽文：知识改变命运 adds the 333 BCE Yan succession notice. 燕文公 dies, and 燕易王 succeeds in the same cluster that later turns toward 苏秦 and 纵横家外交.

《资治通鉴·周纪》30丨苏秦的“开挂”人生 adds Yan as Su Qin’s first successful patronage base. The episode describes Yan as the weakest of the Seven Warring States, and Su Qin persuades 燕文公 that Yan’s security depends on 赵国 blocking 秦国. Yan funding then turns Su Qin’s return to Zhao into credentialed diplomacy rather than another unsupported pitch.

《资治通鉴·周纪》31丨合纵连横 围殴秦 uses that Yan-Zhao line to explain the geography of 合纵. Yan belongs to the north-south anti-Qin alignment that Su Qin is trying to turn from bilateral patronage into a larger coalition.

《资治通鉴·周纪》34丨秦国总理如何玩转六国 returns Yan as Su Qin’s fallback direction after the alliance starts breaking. When 赵肃侯 blames 苏秦 for failing to hold the Qi-Wei-Zhao alignment, Su Qin asks to go to Yan and says he will retaliate against 齐国.

《资治通鉴·周纪》37丨苏秦：六国集团CEO的不堪情史 explains how that retaliation branch becomes Su Qin’s entry into Qi. 燕易王 learns of Su Qin’s affair with 燕文公’s wife, and Su Qin proposes leaving under the appearance of criminal flight so he can serve Yan from 齐国. The source reads his later advice to 齐宣王 as 奢侈诱导式削弱, a way to drain Qi’s resources and reduce pressure on Yan.

《资治通鉴·周纪》40丨5月出生的孩子惹谁啦？ adds the next Yan succession notice. In 321 BCE, 燕易王 dies and 燕王哙 succeeds, in the same compact cluster as 周显王’s death.

《资治通鉴·周纪》45｜以史为鉴，君王到底该不该杀人成性？ adds Yan as one of the five eastern states in the 318 BCE attack on 秦国. Yan reaches 函谷关 with Chu, Zhao, Wei, and Han, but the coalition fails because each state preserves its own forces, making Yan part of the episode’s 联盟自保失灵 case.

《资治通鉴·周纪》47丨燕王哙的理想主义 supplies the internal collapse mechanism before the later Qi conquest. 燕王哙 lets 子之 gain trust, public prestige, and finally appointment power after 苏代 and 鹿毛寿 frame the move as rulerly trust and ancient-style abdication. Yan’s vulnerability in the next branch is therefore not only external; it follows a broken succession and authority structure inside the state.

《资治通鉴·周纪》48丨君王为啥不能传位宰相 fills the civil-disorder bridge. After Zi Zhi’s three years of practical power, 市被 and Yan Wang Kuai’s crown prince attack Zi Zhi and fail, the crown prince flees, and 齐宣王 sends 张子 into Yan. The episode makes Yan’s defeat a 礼制政治秩序 case: once ruler, minister, father, son, and command roles are broken, internal force cannot cleanly restore legitimacy and outside intervention can claim moral cover.

《资治通鉴·周纪》49丨孟子曰：我教你治国 你却把我当花瓶 moves Yan from alliance participant to conquered population. 齐宣王 has already taken Yan, and 孟子 / Mencius says the only justification would be that Yan’s people welcome Qi as rescue from suffering. The episode then says Yan’s people rebel after Qi fails that standard, making Yan a case for 孟子的民本合法性 and 民心型政治安全 after conquest.

《资治通鉴·周纪》51丨 楚怀王：秦小儿看舅舅如何灭了你！ only touches Yan as a closing hook. After finishing the Chu Huaiwang war sequel, the episode notes that Yan prince Ji Ping had escaped after 齐宣王 killed his father, setting up the next Yan-politics branch without yet developing it.

《资治通鉴·周纪》52丨 陈庄叛秦 端起碗吃饭放下碗骂娘 develops that hook through Ji Ping’s return as 燕昭王. Yan becomes a recovery case: the new ruler mourns the dead, shares hardship with survivors, asks 郭隗 how to attract talent, and then draws 乐毅 and 剧辛 from Zhao. The source contrasts this recovery with 燕王哙’s earlier misjudgment of 子之, making Yan a test case for whether ruler respect can turn defeat into a credible talent market.

《资治通鉴·周纪》54丨我尊你是王，你当我是屁 adds Yan as the last stop in 张仪’s lobbying tour, though the transcript does not develop the Yan speech. The state-level importance is the transition that follows: after leaving Yan and returning toward 咸阳, Zhang Yi learns that 秦惠文王 has died and 秦武王 has succeeded.

《资治通鉴·周纪》55丨 张仪痛失贵人秦惠王 supplies the missing Yan speech. Zhang Yi tells 燕昭王 that 赵国 has already moved toward Qin, ceded Hejian, and could be used to attack Yan if Yan refuses. Yan’s five-city concession therefore becomes the final example of 包围威胁式说服 in the tour.

《资治通鉴·周纪》70丨喜欢花样作死的齐国君主 completes Yan’s revenge branch. 燕昭王 appoints 乐毅 as coalition commander, Yan drives beyond the first victory despite 剧辛’s caution, and the capture of 临淄 lets Yan send Qi treasure and ritual objects home. Yan therefore becomes the clearest beneficiary of 齐湣王’s overreach and the most durable participant in the anti-Qi 共同敌人联盟.

《资治通鉴·周纪》72丨什么样的人 才是忠贞之士？ turns that victory into an occupation-governance case. Yan’s forces try to stabilize captured Qi by forbidding plunder, honoring recluses, reducing taxes, restoring older good policies, and converting captured cities into Yan administrative units. The same source also records the coercive edge of occupation when Yan soldiers threaten 王蠋’s city if he refuses service.

《资治通鉴·周纪》73丨历史上自由恋爱的开创者是谁？ adds Yan’s post-victory allocation problem. 乐毅 keeps Yan deep in Qi while other coalition members receive wealth or nearer gains; when Qin attacks Wei afterward, Yan is named with 赵国 as returning to help 魏国. Yan therefore remains both beneficiary of the Qi campaign and a participant in stabilizing the post-campaign balance.

《资治通鉴·周纪》78丨齐国命运竟被城管给救了？ turns Yan’s advantage into a succession and command fragility case. Under 燕昭王, slander against 乐毅 is publicly rejected, and Yan’s occupation of Qi remains tied to patient pacification. After 燕惠王 succeeds, 田单’s rumor wedge leads Yan to replace Le Yi, leaving the army angry, divided, and exposed before Qi’s counterattack.

《资治通鉴·周纪》79丨史上用耕牛 打胜仗第一人 shows that exposure becoming defeat. 骑劫 responds to Tian Dan’s bait by mutilating prisoners and digging graves, reversing Le Yi’s pacification logic and creating atrocity backfire mobilization. When Tian Dan’s false surrender leads into the fire-ox night raid, Yan loses Qi Jie and its occupied Qi cities return to 齐国.

《资治通鉴·周纪》80丨诸葛亮的偶像 到底有多厉害？ adds the post-defeat repair attempt. 燕惠王 fears that 赵国 will use 乐毅 against Yan, but Le Yi’s 《报燕惠王书》 refuses revenge while also refusing return. Yan then lets 乐贤 inherit the Changguo Jun title, leaving Yan’s loss in Qi unresolved but lowering the immediate danger of a Le Yi-led Zhao attack.

《资治通鉴·周纪》85｜宣太后为何私通30年后暗杀了老情人？ records the next deterioration. The episode says 燕惠王’s brief reign ends when chief minister 公孙操 kills him and installs 燕武成王. Qin, Wei, and Chu attack Yan in the same year, and the host reads the external attack as connected to the internal loss of authority that followed the Le Yi and Tian Dan disasters.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》99-1｜历史第一丑男逆袭做秦相 adds Yan as 蔡泽’s origin state. The episode does not make Yan court politics central here; Yan matters as the starting point for another mobile Warring States persuader who fails to gain office elsewhere before trying 秦国 at Fan Ju’s vulnerable moment.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》100-1｜皇帝中的超长待机王过世了 adds 燕太子丹 as a young Yan hostage in 邯郸 in 252 BCE, where the episode places him alongside young 嬴政 / 秦始皇. The notice is still foreshadowing rather than a full Yan policy branch, but it links Yan’s royal house to Qin’s next generation before the later famous hostility.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》99-4｜谁是孔子后最伟大的思想家？ adds a compact late-Warring-States succession notice: Yan Xiaowang dies and Ji Xi succeeds. The source keeps the notice annalistic rather than developing Yan policy.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》100-2｜六国竟然同时为他吊丧 develops that new reign through 燕王喜’s failed attack on 赵国. 栗腹 reports that Zhao’s adult males are depleted after 长平之战, while 乐间 and 将渠 warn against the campaign. Yan ignores them, loses the 鄗代之战 to 廉颇, and must send Jiang Qu to negotiate peace.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》101-1｜这位倒霉君王登基三天即猝死 continues Yan Wang Xi’s troubled reign on the Qi front. Yan has also taken 辽城, but the ruler’s suspicion of the occupying commander leaves the commander trapped and helps 田单 recover the city after 鲁仲连’s letter. The episode makes Yan’s problem not only bad target selection, but also ruler distrust of its own field command.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》105｜战争花样赵国李牧最会耍 adds Yan as the target of 李牧’s first appearance in the Qinji 105 frame. After 廉颇 leaves Zhao, 赵道襄王 appoints Li Mu, and Li Mu attacks Yan, taking 五遂 and 方城. Yan’s role here is compact, but it shows that Zhao still has offensive capacity after Lian Po’s removal.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》106｜惊人发现信陵君的非正常死亡 gives Yan another failed Zhao-facing decision under 燕王喜. The king asks 剧辛 about 庞煖, and Ju Xin dismisses Pang Nuan as easy to handle because he had known him in Zhao. Yan attacks, Pang Nuan defeats the army, kills Ju Xin, and captures 20,000 soldiers, extending Yan’s pattern of mispricing Zhao’s residual capacity.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》111-1｜偌大的赵国竟亡于一个妓女之手 reverses the direction of pressure but keeps Yan inside the same Zhao-facing trap. Zhao attacks Yan and takes Liyang; a Yan envoy then warns 嬴政 / 秦始皇 that if Zhao swallows Yan, Qin will face a larger Zhao. The episode therefore makes Yan not simply prey: Yan’s appeal helps Qin identify and justify a timing window against Zhao.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》114-1｜今天聊聊 嬴政都有哪些残忍手段 keeps Yan on the same Zhao-facing map after 邯郸 falls. 王翦 remains at 中山国 as a Qin pressure position toward Yan, while 赵嘉 gathers a Zhao remnant in 代地 / 代国 and joins Yan at Shanggu. Yan therefore appears both as Qin’s next exposed frontier and as a temporary partner for Zhao’s remnant resistance.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》114-2｜燕国刺杀秦始皇为何会选荆轲 moves Yan from exposed frontier/remnant cooperation into desperate policy design. 燕太子丹 rejects 居武’s hezong-and-匈奴 proposal as too slow, protects 樊无忌 despite the Qin risk, and then enters the 田光 / 荆轲 assassination branch. Yan’s role becomes a case of weak-state assassination strategy after ordinary coalition logic no longer looks fast enough.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》115-1｜荆轲刺秦似乎有点儿草率了 shows how that weak-state strategy speaks in Yan’s name at the Qin court. Through 蒙嘉, 荆轲 presents Yan as willing to submit to real Qin administrative control while asking only to preserve royal descent and ancestral sacrifice. Yan’s formal voice in this episode is therefore a staged surrender script, built to turn 樊无忌’s head and the 督亢地图 into palace access.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》115-2｜秦王大难不死之后干了件你不知道的事？ shows that staged surrender turning into disaster. Once Jing Ke’s dagger appears and the attempt fails, 嬴政 / 秦始皇 orders more Qin troops into the occupied Zhao area and sends 王翦 against Yan. Wang Jian defeats Yan and 代国 forces under 赵嘉 west of the Yi River, moving Yan from desperate deception to immediate battlefield exposure.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》116｜史上最惨太子：被父王亲手斩杀？！ pushes that exposure toward state collapse. Wang Jian captures Ji, 燕王喜 and 燕太子丹 flee toward Liaodong, and 李信 pursues from behind. When 赵嘉 advises killing Dan to preserve Yan’s sacrifices, Yan’s royal continuity logic becomes heir-sacrifice appeasement, but the source stresses that the death does not change Qin’s goal of conquest.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》119-1｜拆解荆轲刺秦必败的秘密 records the endpoint in 222 BCE. 王贲 attacks Liaodong, captures 燕王喜, and ends Yan’s more-than-800-year history. The source also turns back over Yan’s arc from 燕昭王 and 乐毅 to 燕惠王, 田单, Taizi Dan, and Jing Ke, framing the assassination as a final weak-state shortcut rather than a return to the earlier recovery-through-talent model.

《资治通鉴·秦纪》120-1｜谁是皇帝中的妈宝男？ adds Yan to Qin’s post-unification self-defense story. In that retrospective explanation, Yan’s central offense is 荆轲’s assassination attempt, so Qin can present Yan’s destruction as punishment for attack rather than only as the continuation of conquest.

Hanji 157 part 2 adds a Chu-Han-era Yan submission branch. After 韩信 defeats Zhao, 李左车 advises him not to assault Yan immediately with tired troops; instead, Han should rest in Zhao, display northward pressure, and send an envoy. Yan submits as predicted, making this source a compact case of 胜势威慑外交 and 招降示范级联 rather than a detailed Yan battlefield narrative.

Hanji 171 part 2 adds the early Western Han Yan branch. 臧荼, previously a former Xiang-settlement Yan king, rebels and is captured by 刘邦, after which 卢绾 becomes Yan king. Zang Tu’s son flees to 匈奴, keeping Yan legible as a distant northern frontier field as well as a different-surname kingship problem.

Hanji 191 turns that early-Han Yan branch from trusted replacement into collapse. 臧衍 uses his Xiongnu exile position to persuade 张胜 that quick suppression of 陈豨 would leave Yan exposed, after which 卢绾 covertly keeps the Chen Xi and Xiongnu channels alive through Zhang Sheng and 范齐. 刘邦 then separates Yan’s people from Lu Wan through pardon and rank promises while sending 樊哙 against the kingdom.

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